Hemingways A Farewell to Arms Receives Positive Criticism Essay

Hemingways A valedictory to Arms Receives Positive Criticism print in 1929, Ernest Hemingway finished A Farewell to Arms when he was barely 30 years old. Hemingway had been planning on writing about World contend I for more than a decade, and chose A Farewell to Arms to be his attempt at a blockbuster, a novel which would sell very well.1 This image is supported by the fact that one of Hemingways original works, presumably loss in the fiasco of Hadleys luggage, was also a war novel, emphasizing Hemingways firm picture in the importance of war and love as a theme. By this time, of course, Hemingway was already fairly well known, having already published four short report card collections and one successful novel in The Sun Also Rises. In this sense, Hemingways timing in his quest for a big seller was perfect. Fortunately for Hemingway the support did sell, and although he was already close to being a bestseller at the time of A Farewell to Arms publishing, the novel went o n to lead best-seller lists after exclusively a few weeks in publication. In contrast to the lack of money-making power of Fitzgeralds novels, A Farewell to Arms sold 45,000 copies in only seven weeks in fact, the interest in the book was so high Scribners had to renegotiate Hemingways contract following the unexpectedly large sales statistics.2Although at this time declaring the novel a popular success almost worked against its being recognized as a good literary work, the initial reply for A Farewell to Arms was nonetheless strong. Especially impressed were the people Hemingway cared about the most his fellow famous authors. Ford Madox Ford, in an introduction he wrote for a 1932 publication of the novel, wrote of Hemingway The aim - the achieveme... ...positive reception from his peers. Although in later years Hemingway turns on many of these fellow writers who praised him so lavishly, (see responding to Fitzgeralds 10 pages of criticism with kiss my ass) their critical acclaim helped launch him to writer superstardom.1 Linda Wagner-Martin. Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms A Reference Guide. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT (2003), p. viii.2 Ibid., p. i-viii.3 Ford Madox Ford in Introduction to Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms (1932) p. 246, from Wagner-Martin Reference Guide.4 www.allhemingway.com/afta/46585 Ibid.6 Ray B. West (1949) in Harold Bloom. Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms Modern Critical Interpretations. Chelsea tolerate Publishers, New York, 1987. p. 36.7 Charles R. Anderson (1961) from Ibid., p. 46.8 www.allhemingway.com/afta/46589 Wagner-Martin, p. 175-180.

The Norse Viking Age Essay -- Expansion of the Vikings

In most cases, the Norse Viking Age is recorded to go for officially began in 793 AD with the first recorded raid by means of to 1066 AD, ending with the Battle of Hastings. However, these dates vary upon scholars. The Battle of Hastings wasnt exactly the end of the Viking Age, because the Norse were spread out across Europe and Viking raids continued to film orient in other locations. With that said, dating the conclusion of the Viking Age is fairly generic because Viking raids were sporadic in many locations and when one sports stadium was under control, another area was being raided. Additionally, because Viking raiders werent unified efforts and most Norsemen tended to vikingr (raid) at their own whim. This places the conclusion of the Viking Age at approximately the starting line of the 12th Century-ish. This is also about the time when Norse and other Kingdoms were becoming increasingly solidified and more able to repel Viking incursions. This was also around the time when the Christianization of Northern Europe and Norse dominated lands began to take a firmer hold. So dating the exact end of the Viking Age is vague at best. The same can be said about the approximate beginning of the Viking Age as well. Although its officially marked by most scholars as beginning in 793 AD with the raid on the Lindisfarne Monastery, however it wasnt a untested concept to go vikingr (raid). Viking raids were already occurring in a vast range of other areas, including France. The most accepted official start of the Viking Age is recorded to have begun on June 8th, 793 AD when Norse raiders landed on the island of Lindisfarne and attacked the Christian Monastery located there, killing the monks and seizing the valuables. Viking raids by op... ...This left Alfred in command and the West Saxon and Viking armies met and the battle itself lasted all day. Bagsecg was killed along with his five Danish Jarls. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle King Bag secg was slain by a sword while Halfdan fled from the field of study with the rest of the army back to Reading. The Battle of Ashdown itself was a limited West Saxon Victory.The Battle of Basing was a battle on January 22nd, 871 AD at anile Basing in what is now the English county of Hampshire. It was one of a series of battles that took place following an invasion of the then kingdom of Wessex by an army of Danes, remnants of the merged gravid Heathen Army and Great Summer Army. The Danes had established a camp at Reading and the previous battles of Englefield, the Battle of Reading and the Battle of Ashdown, had proved irresolute with victories to both sides.

Murray Shisgals The Typists :: essays research papers

The play by Murray Shisgal, The Typists, is about two people who work during their lifetime at a firm, type the addresses of prospective customers. Through their speeches we see that the play talks about hopelessness, routine and fear of change. Most of the characters motives are explained through the Freudian idea of superego, or, in other words, the part of peoples psique which is related to discipline, judgment of the society, guilt, pride, self-discipline and self- punishment. In this paper, Ill make an attempt to illustrate these themes in the play. despondency is seen through the setting. At the rear of the stage there is a window and through it the sun streams as the play progresses it fades imperceptibly until, at the end, the room is near in complete darkness. Apart from the obvious reason, which would be the course of a day, the sun, here, is a symbol of glory, success and faith. We can interpret it by saying that at the beginning of the play, when Paul and Sylvia are s till young, at twenty-odd years of age, they still have hopes of a better future. It is shown through Pauls emulation of working and studying law to guarantee a better living, and Sylvias intentions of marrying and abandoning her family. As the time goes we notice only disappointments and attempts to change their lives. These attempts are not prosperous as they are hopeless, shown by their fear to abandon the firm and conquer a better job. Working in that office is for them the only way of living. some other theme that appears in the play is the routine. Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot explores the same theme. Habit is something that makes us feel secure. It is a guarantee that we will be alive the adjoining day as the present has a succession, which is to wake up next morning and do everything again. Since Paul starts working in the office, Sylvia passes to him her routine. Nothing can be alternated. She tells him strike each key with the same steady rhythm () dont move your h ead, keep your eyes on the material youre typewriting. The steady rhythm to strike the keys, the expressions dont move and keep refer to lack of alternation and it means routine. Not only this, when Paul suggests to break Sylvias habit of having lunch always at 1p.m. and have it at 130p.

The Negative Impact of Low Wage Jobs Essay -- Dead End Jobs

What if one had to work long hours, with countless hours of no sleep, a stress level that was skyrocketing, earning cash that could barely support a family? There is a womanhood approximately the age of forty works full time at a restaurant. Her manpower were wrinkled from washing dishes in bleach water. A few white hairs have grown infra her thick, black hair. Dark bags are under her eyes, which seems as though she does not get much sleep. This is how the average low working employees suffer Many pack are stuck in this crisis. Behind this woman the uprightness has not yet been seen, but these truths will soon be revealed. The forty year old woman comes home with a backache and eventually when her conditions get worsened she would have to go see a doctor. However, there is one problem she does not have medical insurance and she cannot afford to go see a doctor when she is already behind with her bills and rent. She has enough stress at home and she works hard to adopt ends me et, but it is not enough. Low wage jobs negatively affect the physical and psychological state of the working poor.Many households cannot survive with one income. Prices are passing game up, and low income families are struggling in this economy, which inculpate parents must work more than one job. Twenty two percent of U.S workforce earns $22,350 per year--an amount that means families of four subsist at the poverty job (Lehigh). Americans who are living paycheck to paycheck cannot afford to miss a few shifts because it can feed families struggling to pay rent and buy groceries. These race work day and night scraping every penny they can earn. They take no old age off which can cause problems to their health. According to investigator Davis J. Paul Leigh at the University of Ca... ...tional Injuries UC Health. Low-wage Workers Vulnerable to Impact of Occupational Injuries UC Health. N.p., 17 Dec. 2012. Web. 21 May 2013.Spross, Jeff. Low-Wage Jobs Dont Just Harm Workers T hey Harm Their Children. ThinkProgress RSS. N.p., 7 Dec. 2012. Web. 21 May 2013.Johnson, Justin. The Effects of Minimum Wage on Health Care EHow. EHow. Demand Media, 30 Nov. 2010. Web. 21 May 2013.Shemkus, Sarah. Increasing the Minimum Wage Pros & Cons. Salary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.Greenwald, Robert. Walmart The High Cost Of Low Prices FULL MOVIE. YouTube. YouTube, 01 November 2005. Web. 21 May 2013.Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed On (not) getting by in America. New York Metropolitan, 2001. Print.Schlosser, Eric. Fast victuals Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2001. N. pag. Print. The Negative Impact of Low Wage Jobs Essay -- Dead End JobsWhat if one had to work long hours, with countless hours of no sleep, a stress level that was skyrocketing, earning money that could barely support a family? There is a woman approximately the age of forty working full time at a restaurant. Her hands were wrinkled from washin g dishes in bleach water. A few white hairs have grown under her thick, black hair. Dark bags are under her eyes, which seems as though she does not get much sleep. This is how the average low working employees suffer Many people are stuck in this crisis. Behind this woman the truth has not yet been seen, but these truths will soon be revealed. The forty year old woman comes home with a backache and eventually when her conditions get worse she would have to go see a doctor. However, there is one problem she does not have medical insurance and she cannot afford to go see a doctor when she is already behind with her bills and rent. She has enough stress at home and she works hard to make ends meet, but it is not enough. Low wage jobs negatively affect the physical and psychological state of the working poor.Many households cannot survive with one income. Prices are going up, and low income families are struggling in this economy, which mean parents must work more than one job. Twenty two percent of U.S workforce earns $22,350 per year--an amount that means families of four subsist at the poverty line (Lehigh). Americans who are living paycheck to paycheck cannot afford to miss a few shifts because it can leave families struggling to pay rent and buy groceries. These people work day and night scraping every penny they can earn. They take no days off which can cause problems to their health. According to researcher Davis J. Paul Leigh at the University of Ca... ...tional Injuries UC Health. Low-wage Workers Vulnerable to Impact of Occupational Injuries UC Health. N.p., 17 Dec. 2012. Web. 21 May 2013.Spross, Jeff. Low-Wage Jobs Dont Just Harm Workers They Harm Their Children. ThinkProgress RSS. N.p., 7 Dec. 2012. Web. 21 May 2013.Johnson, Justin. The Effects of Minimum Wage on Health Care EHow. EHow. Demand Media, 30 Nov. 2010. Web. 21 May 2013.Shemkus, Sarah. Increasing the Minimum Wage Pros & Cons. Salary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.Greenwald, Robert. W almart The High Cost Of Low Prices FULL MOVIE. YouTube. YouTube, 01 November 2005. Web. 21 May 2013.Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed On (not) Getting by in America. New York Metropolitan, 2001. Print.Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2001. N. pag. Print.

Why DsbA is Such an Oxidizing Disulfide Catalyst Essay -- Biology Enzy

Why is DsbA Such an Oxidizing Disulfide Catalyst?IntroductionThe importance of the DsbA enzyme is due to its protein-folding ability in Escherichia coli bacteria. Protein is an essential part of all forms of life. Genes code for proteins, two structural and enzymes answerable for the utilization of other macromolecules. All bodily functions, therefore, be dependent upon proteins. Every protein, or polypeptide arrange, uses the amino acid cysteine, which contain dithiol molecules. IN E. coli, this correctable redox reaction takes place between the endoplasm in the center of the cell and the periplasm surrounding it (see figure A below). The endoplasm is a reduced environment which contains thioredoxin, the accelerator prudent for reducing disulfide molecules to dithiol and maintaining the reduced state of the endoplasm. The periplasm, on the other hand, is oxidized. It contains DsbA, which catalyzes the oxidation of dithiol to disulfide. Proteins essential for cell function ar e manufactured within the reduced endoplasm. After the polypeptide chain has been formed, however, the macromolecule must fold into its tertiary structure, which is essential for function. This structure utilizes disulfide and hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds require the presence of oxygen, so the protein must enter an oxidized environment. The protein is exported into the periplasm, therefore, where disulfides are able to aid in the folding process. The finished protein is now able to function normally.QuestionWhile studying this process, the researchers noted that the structures of DsbA and thioredoxin are remarkably similar. What then, they wondered, is responsible for the difference in function between the two? Why does DsbA oxidize and thio... ..., has been disproved by several observations. One of these is that there is no evidence of strain in the active site disulfide of DsbA because all bond angles are close to optimal and when superimposed on the active site of the much les s oxidizing thioredoxin, the position of the carbons match. His-32 to a fault seems to play an important role in determining the oxidizing power of DsbA. His-32 is found in DsbA, and not in the less oxidizing thioredoxin. The effectiveness of DsbA as a catalyst depends on its redox potential, which can be easily measured, however, it also depends on the kinetics at which it participates in the disulfide interchanges, which is much more difficult to measure. The factors determining the redox potential of DsbA are becoming clear, but many questions still remain unanswered about how DsbA reoxidizes and how it kinetically interacts with proteins.

Gas War :: essays papers

Gas War Gasoline is produced by a distillation process where crude petroleum is heated and fumes ar captured and converted into many products such as kerosene, jet fuel, and gasoline to name a few. Therefore the price of crude oil, which is extracted from oil wells beneath the earths surface, is a major factor in gas prices. The five leading oil-producing countries and their approximate shares of the world supply of oil are Soviet Union 21%, Saudi Arabia 17%, The United States 15%, Venezuela 4%, and Mexico 4%. These five countries made up 61 % of the worlds oil production back in 1980. Even though The United States is a major producer of oil, it does not make them self-sufficient. The United States uses more oil than they can produce and must look towards foreign countries. An government called O.P.E.C. swans approximately four fifths of the worlds oil reserves in the non-communist world. The United States is forced to deal with O.P.E.C., not only in its own interests, but al so in the interest of its allies and in the interest of maintaining peace. The former Soviet Union may now have an interest in selling some of their oil that they have a tremendous amount of. O.P.E.C. which stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is made up of 13 countries Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, and Gabon. O.P.E.C. was founded in Baghdad, Iraq in kinfolk of 1960. It was organized in response to oil producing countries that did not consult with the Middle Eastern oil states before lowering their crude oil prices. The producers feared that other countries would point monopolies. The aim of O.P.E.C. was to create a universal price between the countries, in order to ensure peace between oil producers throughout the world. O.P.E.C. also cherished to provide its members with technical and economic support in times of need, since not all the countries were completely stable. The headquarters were initially set in Geneva, but were by and by moved to Vienna in 1965. O.P.E.C.s goal was to establish firmly unified prices amongst their members, but the organization was not always successful. In their quest for control over the world market of oil production, they have ran into several obstacles and setbacks. O.P.E.C. has barely survived being eliminated due to internal conflicts amongst its members.

Abraham & God Essay

Abraham is truly an exceptional man who completely surrendered his life to graven images allow. However, while Abraham was a man of faith, he remained a man with f polices, asking God questions that implied confusions about the will of God and Gods omnipotence. For example, he laughed when God promised him that he will have offspring even in his old age. He also lied about Sarah being his wife for fear that he will be killed because of her and not trusting God will protect him. The greatest test, however, was when God asked him to sacrifice his only son.Abraham was willing to sacrifice Isaac to prove his love of God, and this should not be a question regarding his faith. But what of God who made a covenant with him stating the He will make a great nation out of Isaac? in that respect is no doubt that God was testing Abraham. But what if Abraham had refused to sacrifice his son? Would that change what God had promised to Abraham regarding Isaac? This, to me, is a disturbing questio n regarding Gods purpose, and it is not an appealing image of God reconsidering His promise when His subject failed His test.See moreCapital budgeting essayOn the other hand, if Abraham was doing the sacrifice out of faith, then he would already know that God would not let the boy get any harm. How would God then fulfill his promise if Isaac was sacrificed? Knowing this, it would not be God who is unfeignedly testing Abraham but the other way around. The story of Gods covenant to Abraham and Gods test to him, to me, does not really establish the faith of the religion but poses contradictions to divine purpose and the faith of the people. reference book 6Jews and Christians look at the Messianic Prophecies on different context, so while the other promote rescuer to be the messiah, the other reject him as such. Examining these contexts would allow us to understand why saviour is accepted to be the messiah or not. The Jews believed the messiah to be humannot a god or a demigod. Th at the previous(predicate) Christians claim that Jesus was the Son of God and indeed a God himself made most of the Jews not accept him as the messiah. The Jews believe in only one God, hence the introduction of another, and a mere man claiming to be God, is seen as a heresy to the Jewish faith.The Jews believe that the messiah will unite all the Jews back to the land of Israel, predominate in a time of world peace, and would be a great military leader. Jesus complete none of these. However, the Christians believe that these prophesies will be fulfilled in Jesus import coming. On the other hand, the Jews believe that the prophecies will be fulfilled immediately and that there is no concept of a second coming. Hence, the Jews reject the idea of the second coming of Jesus.Other Messianic Prophecies have been justified by Christians to have been fulfilled by Jesus. The evangelists claim that, through Joseph the carpenter, Jesus was descended from the line of David, of which the mes siah is said to come from. However, this claim is contradicted with the Christian doctrine of the virgin birth from which, rigidly speaking, Jesus could not have been a engineer descendant of David. The Christians also believe that Jesus have restored the temple, which they believe to refer to Jesus body, by his resurrection.On the other hand, the Jews believe that the messiah will be a strict observant of the Torah, which by all means and according to the accounts of the New Testament Jesus was not. Having said these, it is also important to note that the early Christians, as well as Jesus himself, were Jews. Accepting the teachings of the Apostles and disciples of Jesus depends on how one looks on messianic context. The fact that some Jews have accepted Jesus as their messiah while others clearly regarded him as a heretic and a threat to the Jewish faith proves this point.Jesus challenge to the Jewish law earned the right of the elders to suppress the sect that is slowly emergin g. Considering however that Jesus lived an extraordinary life, with teachings of peace instead of being a war-like messiah, deserves credit for the Christian faith. Credit 7 Monasticism throughout the world sh ars a similar purposethe renouncement of worldly pursuit in search for spiritual growth. Images of gods and holy men are usually present in monasteries. The Greek Orthodox Christianity justified the use of these images as windows to heaven.It is not these images that they praise, but those of which they represent, which are unseen. It is explained that the human body is comprised by ii elementsthe personal and the spiritand that the physical part needs to see some representation of the divine and that the images are merely tools to help them in their journey. Monks practice strict compliance to the teachings of their religion, isolated from the city life, spending most of the day in prayer. Monks also have assigned chores they must perform.They were also expected to forget t he physical element of their body for a whilegetting sufficient for the body to have its strength needed for daily tasks, no shower, no shaving. There is moderate conversation between monksthey spend each day in silence and contemplation and prayer. Furthermore, monks are taught to pray from the heart. One could only wonder whether these prayers are repeated, as if being recited. Whether or not this is the case, monks believe truly in their heart that they have found their peace and satisfaction apart from the calling of worldly desires.

Puppy vs Older Dog

So you argon in the market for a family follow, adopting a whelp thunder mug bum very frustrating and over-whelming. in that location are many things to consider when looking for a dog. One choice to start with would be adopting a puppy or adopting an older dog, which would best suite your families lifestyle. Many people with careers, families, and hobbies do not control time to train a puppy and they forget to take that into comity upon purchasing. I suggest adopting an older dog is the wisest choice considering they are more predictable, require a lesser amount of attention, and tend to be less costly.There are many differences between the behavior and predictability of an older dog and a puppy. How can you resist a cuddly, cute, and pudgy, little puppy. By adopting a puppy you are neer too certain on what you are getting yourself into. A puppy is an adorable pet, but that stage will only last for the first family or so. They will soon grow out of that adorable little anim al and turn into a dog. Adopting an older dog is pretty much predictable, what you probe is what you get.Although, you will not be able to enjoy that cute ball of energy, you will have a better idea of the over all disposition of your dog and how it will act more on a daylight to day basis. The dog will be at its full size from the soonest of a year old to three years old, and the crazy chewing and nipping stage is most likely out of the way because they will have all their teeth in. When teaching older dogs a new habit, they are more mind-set and alert on what is going on, making them easier and faster to train. With this organism mentioned, you can teach a dog new tricksOlder dogs are less time consuming is another measure when taking into account on adopting a new family dog. They can be left alone for a longer period of time, anywhere between 8-12 hours, which a puppy would not be able to do. As read in the Housetraining article, Generally speaking, a puppy can control his b ladder one hour for every month of age. So if youre puppy is two months old, he can hold it for about two hours. Dont go any longer than this between bathroom breaks or hes guaranteed to have an accident. (Housetraining, 2012, Para. ). There are other factors to take into consideration when speaking about time consuming. No matter what kind of dog you choose you will still fill to have daily routine care, exercise, and affection available. This being said, all dogs will need to be picked up after, feed 1-3 times a day, taken for walks, brushed, petted and purge just cuddled with. A dog is basically a member of your family, they are very comparable to having your own child. Treat them with love and affection. Even the matter of theatre of operations takes time and effort.Many people get sick and tired of yelling at there dog and showing it the right thing to do. Dogs are very happy canines and will eventually catch on to what you are showing them, it is just a matter of time and patients that you accompany yourself with. Finally, how much is that doggie in the window? Dr. Williams proclaims, The expense of owning a pet is probably the most overlooked consequence of any pet-owner relationship. Advances in pet care, especially in the development of pet foods and health check research, have caused ownership costs to increase over the last 10 years.Since its not likely that this trend will reverse itself any time soon, dominance pet parents should consider their finances before taking home a new pet. (Williams, 2013, para. 4). Aside from adoption costs, there are other expenses such as, dog bowls, dog toys, dog food, first visit vet costs, leash, collar, tags, and dog license. Adopting an older dog will mean the dog will tend to be large than that of a puppy, therefore it will eat more inquiring more money monthly being spent on food.Although if you are adopting a puppy there are more factors that influence the cost a long with the ones listed above you w ill also need to get the dog spayed/neutered, cage, crate, carrying bag, and mayhap training classes. Factoring in all these necessities, a puppys first year may cost up to $1500. 00 and an older dog can be nearly $800. 00, having pets are not as cheap as they once were, when people just kept them outside in doghouses all day long. Nowadays we treat them like family and loyal companions.Between the time availability, money factors, and predictability of what you are getting yourself into I would consider adopting an older dog is a clear and gratifying choice. Not only will you be happy with the dog you choose but you are also adopting your new best friend. References Housetraining Puppies. (2012). The humane society of the get together States. Retrieved from http//www. humanesociety. org/animals/dogs/tips/housetraining_puppies. html Williams, J. (2013). What is costs to own a dog. Pet place. Retrieved from http//www. petplace. com/dogs/what-it-costs-to-own-a-dog/page1. aspx

How Are Human Beings Similar to and Different from the Gods Essay

In Greek mythology, specifically in Homers rarefied epics (the Iliad and the Odyssey), the gods are depicted according to anthropological means. They basically resemble human beings in form as well as in behavior. One moldiness understand first that the Greeks had very much appreciated the human form. Contrary to the Egyptians, for example, who had portrayed their gods with human features incorporating some animalistic bodily features as well. Many former(a) civilizations gods alike had a certain idiosyncratic factor they were above human beings, on an entirely superior level, to a point where there was a transparent barrier between gods and humans.A Pharaoh, for instance, would be like a god but there would still be a division between him and the people. The Greeks also had no bible, or holy sacrament. All they had were myths with no precise moral or lesson, other than the mere fact that lifes a yell. Throughout Homers epics, the gods display human emotions such as anger and lov e. They were petty, having numerous sexual affairs with humans. And like humans, they even shared a diverse personality range. Each god acted very differently from the other. Zeus, for example, was a womanizer and could even be viewed as a knave.Whereas Neptune loved humankind invariably helping humans in need. Or Poseidon, as seen in the Odyssey, liked to hold a grudge on Odysseus for blinding his son. The gods were all over the target with emotions and personalities. They would even love you one day and then stab you in the back the next. However, there is one very crucial difference between the twain gods, unlike the humans, were amaranthine, and being immortal was one of the attributes which rendered them as gods aside from having certain powers. It was also nearly impossible to become a god, and if one had become a god there was always a catch.Achilles, for instance, had become immortal except for one place on his body which was vulnerable his heel (since it didnt billet the holy water his goddess mother, Thetis, immersed him in). And of all the places that one could attack him Paris, according to myth, had ended up killing him with an arrow aimed at his heel, thus infecting him and ultimately ending his immortal life. In conclusion, there is very little that can differentiate the Greek gods with humans, because essentially the gods were humans, sharing many similarities, since the Greeks were true humanists.

Developmental History

Aaron ( non his real name) was 3 years old and 4 months and 5 geezerhood on the day his amaze was interviewed for this case study report. Aaron has a medium structure however is tall for his age, he likes to move around a lot, he is now able to course and play on his own with little supervision especially if he is inside the house. He likes going to the groceries and playing with the cans on the shelves. He can tattle in short sentences but still uses baby talk when he asks for something. His first word was Mama and he actually grunts and giggles a lot. He is not comfortable with strangers or with anything new.He seems to have a slow to warm up temperament. But once he feels secure, he can actually be really friendly and interacts well with other people. He is potty trained and have started using pull-up diapers instead of the regular one and only(a)s. He likes to work on colourise books and he has tons of scribbled papers. He gets bored watching TV, he does not level off li ke Barney, but he likes music and he becomes very warning signal when he hears Mozart or Beethoven. He likes toys that he can move, bang, throw and manipulate. He already has good fine motor skills as he can carry his spoon and extinguish on his own. However he cant still button his own shirts..His favorite foods are oranges, vegetables and chicken. He besides drinks orchard apple tree juice with his meal. He still asks for his bottle when going to sleep but can use a sippy cup during the day. Aaron however sucks his thumb when he is sleepy-eyed or when he is feeling insecure. wellness and Physical Condition Aaron was born through normal delivery, his mother was 25 when she gave birth and was the first born. His mother was robust and did not have any severe medical conditions before and during the pregnancy. However, she had a case of urinary tract infection around 6 months into her pregnancy but was treated successfully with antibiotics.She also had a positive disposition dur ing her pregnancy and she ate the right foods and dutifully took her vitamins and regularly had her prenatal check-ups. Aaron passed the newborn screening shew in flying colors, he was 7. 6 pounds, had the normal head circumference and height and he was already screaming when he came into the world. After 2 days in the hospital, he went home, however, he was supposed to be breastfeed but he had difficulty in it as his first feeding was from the bottle, his mother also had difficulty nursing him as she was a firs time mother.The doctors advised that he be placed on the bottle on an infant formula. He did not have any chores after this. Aaron was overweight when he was 5 months old, he has a very regular sleeping and feeding schedule and he sticks to it even if there are distractions. He liked to jump on his mothers lap and he used his feet more than his hands at this stage. At 6 months, he changed his milk formula and he suffered from constipation, he had to be placed on different milk formula which was not constipating and was on a soft diet. After 2 days, he was able to resume normal bowel movement.He also had bouts of colic especially during the day. He does not cry some(prenominal) but when he does cry it took him a long time to quiet down. His mother noticed that he seemed to shiver when he cries and go blue when he does not get what he wants. When he is angry or upset, he will cough or make vomiting actions. The mother was alarmed with this deportment but when she talked to her pediatrician, he said that Aaron was merely trying to get his own way by vomiting and turning blue because when he checked him he was really just a normal child. The mother has learned not to reinforce vomiting or holding his breath and this have now disappeared.At one year old, Aaron was hospitalized for diarrhea and vomiting, he was having high grade fever and was throwing up and had very loose bowels. He was brought to the hospital because he was already showing signs of deh ydration. He stayed in the hospital for 3 days and came home fine. His teeth came out in pairs and started when he was 9 months old, at 1 year and 4 months, he already had 8. He seemed to have the colds and low grade fever whenever his teeth were coming out. He has not been dropped, had his head banged or fell from the stairs. He started go at one year old and was running before he reached 2 years old.He did not have any illnesses up to the time of the interview. Health and Medical Analysis From the case study presented, it seemed that Aarons major health condition that has brought about medical attention was on his digestive system. He had constipation, colic, stomach upset diarrhea and vomiting at a young age this would imply that he has a weak stomach or a very reasonable digestive system. He had been on infant formula since he was born and it could be that his stomach have not adapted as well as children who have been breastfeed (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000).He also had been us ing distilled water since he was born and it could be that his stomach does not have the friendly bacteria that normal children have. The problem is that Aaron likes food he has a healthy appetite but since he suffers from indigestion or diarrhea he might lose his love for eat because it was the source of his discomfort, however, at present Aaron has not shown any aversion to food. In the future, Aaron may have more instances of diarrhea because when he gets older, his mother would have lesser control over what he eats (Berk, 2005).At present he is being taught to always wash his hands before eating and to not place anything on his mouth, but the difficulty is that he still sucks his thumb before going to sleep. It is recommended that the mother try to introduce Aaron to regular water and juice and to have him eat different foods so his stomach would be accustomed to it. It was also recommended that the mother bring this to the attention of the pediatrician and to learn more about how to keep the digestive system healthy and functioning well.ReferencesBerk, L. (2005). Factors affecting growth and physical health. In Infants and children Prenatalthrough middle childhood 5th ed (pp. 293-303). Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon.Shonkoff, J. & Phillips, D. (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods The attainment of earlychildhood development. Washington D.C. National Academy Press.

LOOKING AT THE PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Corporate Administration is the system by which refer corporations atomic number 18 tell and controlled. The integrated administration construction specifies the distribution of rights and duties among different participants in the corporation, such as, the carte du jour, directors, melodic phrase contributeers and different stake nabers, and spells out regulations and processs for doing determinations on corporate personal businesss. By making this it overly provides the construction with which the fellowship aims are set, and the agencies of achieving those aims and supervi babble out public presentation. Corporate Administration substructure be described as a system of structuring, operating, and dominating a attach to with a position to accomplish long term strategic ends to fulfill stockholders, creditors, employees, clients, and providers with the sanctioned and regulative demands, apart from run intoing environmental and local community demands. It leads to the edifice of a legal, commercial and institutional model. It besides demarcates the boundaries within which these maps are to be performed. Need FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCEAs we either know that in at present s scenario grocery store forces are progressively replacing authorities controls, corporate administration is deriving prominence in a c at oncern industry. Today corporate administration layabout be seen as a requirement for pulling financess from foreign establishments. Investors these yearss make certain(a) that the friendship in which they are puting their principal is non just now decently managed but besides follow corporate administration. It is regarded as a control mechanism that ensures the optimal usage of human, physical and monetary resources for an endeavor. It addresses assorted issues set about by board of managers, reach anxiety, proprietors, stakeholders and the society at big.Corporate administration patterns are a set of structural agreements that eme rge in free market economic systems to aline the direction of companies with the involvement of their stockholders, stakeholders and the society at big. Corporate administration aims to turn to three basic issues respect subject Issues susceptibility IssuesAccountability IssuesEthical Issues as the get up suggests relates to the job of moralss in concern. Corporations employ deceitful agencies to accomplish their goals.In order to exercise force per unit area on the authorities to recrudesce public policies the companies form trusts which frequently go against the involvement of the populace. Companies in order to derive trueness from clients may give payoffs or offer gifts to possible clients.Efficiency Issues are concerned with the public presentation of the direction. Management is responsible for guaranting sensible returns on investing do by stockholders. The issues associating to efficiency of direction is of involvement to the stockholders as their return on investing is at interest.Accountability Issues relate to the stockholders need for transparence of direction in the behavior of the concern.Features of corporate administrationDiscipline transparentnessIndependenceAccountabilityDutyFairnessSocial ResponsibilityPRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCERights and just intervention of stockholders Organizations should esteem the rights of stockholders and in bend encourage stockholders to exert their rights. They can assist stockholders exert their rights by efficaciously pass oning information which is in an apprehensible signifier to them and promoting stockholders to take part actively in general meetings.Interests of another(prenominal) stakeholders Organizations should acknowledge that they charter legal and other duties towards alone permit stakeholders such as the creditors, providers, employees etc.Disclosure and transparence Organizations should pass off up and do public everyy cognize all the facts and findings so as to supply stockholder s with a degree of answerability. They should besides implement policies and processs to verify and safeguard the unity of the participation s fiscal studies. Disclosure of material facts refering the organisation should be seasonably and balanced to guarantee that all investors have entree to unclutter, factual information.Functions and duties of board The board needs a batch of accomplishments and understanding to be able to cover with assorted ethical issues. It needs to hold a degree of committedness to carry through its duties and responsibilities. in that respect are issues about the charm mix of executive and non-executive managers within a comp each.Integrity and ethical behavior Ethical and responsible determination devising is non precisely of import for public dealingss, but it is besides an of import component in hazard direction. Organizations should raise a codification of behavior for their managers and top direction that promotes ethical and responsible determin ation devising at all degrees of the organisation. Many organisations have besides establi put downA Compliance and Ethics ProgramsA to minimise the hazard that the house goes against the ethical and legal boundaries.Issues affecting corporate administration include intrinsic controls and internal scrutinizesregulations sing readying of the company s fiscal statementsdividendA policythe independency of the entity s out-of-door hearers and the quality of their auditsefficient usage of resources made available to managers in transporting out their dutiesdirection of hazardreappraisal of the compensation for the main executive officer and other senior executivesthe procedure of nominations of persons for places on the boardCASES ON CORPORATE AdministrationCorporate GOVERNANCE AT THE BODY SHOPIntroductionAnita Roddick is the laminitis of The Body Shop. She is one of the celebrated personalities who is booked in Ethical Consumerism. She is actively involved in runs for environmental a nd societal issues including the runs such as Greenpeace and the Big Issue ( 2007 ) , Hepatitis C. She is an enthusiastic individual who takes an initial responsibleness to do a vision to go a success and is a positive mind and an first-class determination shaper.The Body Shop is a world-wide known British concatenation of cosmetics shops. It was taken over by Gallic Cosmetics group LOreal in 2006. The Body Shop is distinguished for selling its ain line of merchandises which are produced in an eco friendly mode and are non tested on animate beings. The Body Shop considers the construct of corporate administration as their competitory advantage. Anita Roddick who is the question of the determination doing organic structure of the company creates a value system non merely in selling its merchandises but besides in keeping a important relationship with all its stakeholders. The company has established a decently structured model in order to cover with corporate affairs. It has establ ished a neat structured plan which is reinforced by company policies and other processs for proper counsel of the managers in transporting out their day-to-day responsibilities. The company has a clear mention usher to its concern operations and corporate administration. This includes the care of the criterions with regard to the corporate administration in the corporation s different sectors.The carte du jour of the company consists of 10 managers out of which two are executive while six are non executive overdue to which there is a just division of duties among them. The board is in charge of taking attention of the company s operations, assets, and its stockholders with a position of maximising public presentation. The Board conducts a monthly reappraisal of the company s concerns in relation to its fiscal motions in order to guarantee the house s competent operations. The company jurisprudence obliges the board of managers to carefully incur each twelvemonth, a fiscal study that needs to be accurate and dependable reflecting the true province of the company. The Board of Directors are besides responsible for the proper guardianship of story statements and guarantee that these records are precise and true. It is besides vested with the duty of safeguarding the company s other assets every bit good as doing the necessary stairss in order to forestall complications such as fraud and other types of hazards.Apart from the board there are other focusings which are formed which have a well-established mention usher which besides discusses their responsibilities and their range of authorization within the corporation. The wage commission handles the lineation for the company s wage policy which would be re repugnwed by the board. Furthermore, this group is besides responsible for the assorted wage bundles that are offered to the executive managers. The audit commission makes proper recommendations with respects to the company s accounting policies every bi t good as supervising fiscal control within the corporation. The company besides has a clear codification of moralss and all employees moldiness conform to this codification. The codification of moralss includes a struggle of involvement policy to guarantee that cardinal corporate determinations are taken by persons who do non hold a fiscal involvement in the result separate from their involvement as company functionaries. The company besides proctors conformity with the jurisprudence and the planetary fiscal policies and patterns in the country of internal controls, fiscal accounting and coverage, fiducial answerability and safeguarding of corporate assets.Effects OF PRACTICING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT THE BODY SHOPWith respect to the entrepreneurship patterns followed by Anita Roddick, the company has been able to accomplish complete control of all the affairs refering the company and its stakeholders. The ego doggedness and duty to the responsibilities by all the employees of the company and their obeisance to the company Torahs and ordinances all of which have contributed to the development of the corporation as a whole.The Board has changeless belief in the fact that that all the informations pertaining to the fiscal information and other facts sing their operations that are presently being practiced are dependable.The authorization of the Board is clearly recognized within the company because of which it is able to hold a solid clasp on the corporation s vivacious operations, stakeholders and its fiscal concerns. The well defined construction of the organisation and the committedness of the board towards the stakeholders and the community has proven the fact that the organisation can manage both its ethical and legal duties expeditiously.The company maintains good dealingss and unfastened communications with its investors. The stockholders are on a unbroken basis invited by the company on a regular footing to discourse trade updates. Furthermore, in one -year general meetings investors besides get an circumstances to run into the Board members. Private investors can entree the company s web site for assorted services. The company has a good consideration for all its stakeholders be it past, present, or hereafter.There seems to be a really good defined model in the house s corporate division. It has policies and processs with respect to fiscal affairs and operational concerns. Its processs for measuring different sorts of state of affairss that come up is surely good defined. Furthermore, they have ever maintained good dealingss with their stakeholders. And in the end, The Board s authorization has ever remained unexcelled.Clearly, the above mentioned occlusives turn out the strength of the company s corporate administration construction.The failing of this instance is the fact that one can non ever be assured that there are no losingss or other mistakes which may ensue from errors and incompatibilities by one of the commissions or employees involved. In add-on, due to the presence of diverse cultural beliefs there can be internal jobs among the members. There are times when the stockholder is non given adequate information about the position of the company, particularly if that stockholder which holds a little portion in the concern. This happens when the board of managers do non supply value to their stockholders. Other veto panorama includes the restriction of fiscal coverage processs which may decidedly ensue in uneffective corporate governance.AEthical motive AT THE BODY SHOPMotto Nature s room to Beautiful Body store has invariably sought out fantastic natural ingredients from all across its Earth and strives to protect this beautiful planet and the pot who depend on it.The Body Shop believes that concern has the power to do the right sort of difference to the universe. This rule allows all clients round the Earth to go militantsThe first cosmetics company to beginning harvested palm oil and pre sent the ingredient into the beauty industry, working in partnership with a certified organic manufacturer in Colombia, in 2007.In 2008 debut of 100 % PCR bottles ( post consumer recycled )Community Trade plan creates sustainable merchandising relationships with deprived communities around the Earth and provides essential income to more than 25,000 people.The Body Shop continues to raise brain and support for adult females across the universe affected by domestic force in 2008. dive of Stop Violence In The Home run runs in more than 55 states and has raised more than US $ 4 million.In 2008campaign to raise consciousness of HIV and AIDS among immature people, working with MTV Networks International was carried on.The Body Shop has committed to go Carbon Neutral by 2010, guaranting that C dioxide emanations from the company s nucleus retail concern worldwide are reduced to a big extent.The Company is committed to merchandising ethically. The sourcing squad is trained in ethical aud its and trade with providers who abide by the Code of Conduct for Suppliers.Corporate GOVERNANCE AT NESTLENestle is committed to the following Business Principles in assorted states it operates in, taking into history all the local statute laws predominating within that peculiar state, cultural and spiritual patternsNestle s concern aims, and that of direction and employees at all degrees, is fabricating and marketing the Company s merchandises in such a manner so as to make value that can be sustained over the long term for stockholders, employees, consumers, concern spouses and all the other stakeholders.Nestle does nt prefer short-run net income at the disbursal of successful long-run concern development, but recognizes the demand to make water-loving net income every twelvemonth in order to keep the support of our stockholders, maintain them content, and the fiscal markets, and to finance investings.Nestle recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate involvement in the behaviour, beliefs and actions of the Company behind trade names in which they have their trust, and that without its consumers the Company would non hold come into being.Nestle believes that statute law is almost effectual precaution of responsible behavior.Nestle is witting of the fact that the success of a company is a contemplation of the professionalism, behavior and the responsible attitude of its direction and the employees working in that company. Therefore, enlisting of the right people at the right clip and preparation and development are the critical factors in any company s success.Nestle operates in assorted states and in many civilizations throughout the universe. The rich diverseness is a really valuable beginning for a company s direction.National Legislations and International RecommendationsNestle emphasizes that its employees must stay by the Torahs applicable in the states in which it operates.Nestle ensures that the highest criterions of responsible beha vior towards its client and the society are met throughout the organisation, by following with the Nestle Corporate Business Principles, which guides the Company s activities and relationships worldwide in each sector of concern involvement.The company supports and widely advocates the join Nations Global Compact and its 10 rules, an enterprise of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Global Compact asks the companies to take up, support and enact, within their domain of influence, a set of nucleus value in the countries of human rights, the international labor criterions and the environment.The company besides recognizes the fact that increasing globalisation is taking to the development of more and more international recommendations. Although, as a regulation, these recommendations are addressed to authoritiess, they doubtless impact the concern patterns. Among others, Nestle has incorporated relevant International Labour Organization Conventions, and the International ( WHO ) Code of market of Breast-milk Substitutes into its policies.Nestle endorses relevant committednesss and recommendations for voluntary self-regulation issued by competent companies in the same sector, provided they have been developed in full audience with the parties concerned. These include the International house of Commerce ( ICC ) Business Charter for Sustainable Development. Besides, Nestle uses the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, approved in June 2000, as a mention point for its Corporate Business Principles.Corporate GOVERNANCE FAILURESWORLDCOM BANKRUPCYWorldCom the universe s 2nd largest telecommunication company had filed for bankruptcy in the twelvemonth 2002 in Manhattan after the revelation of large accounting abnormalities.The divergences from corporate behavior happened because of the Board of managers who failed to acknowledge, and to cover efficaciously with, maltreatments reflectin g what was identified as a civilization of greed within the corporation s top direction. Others resulted from a failure of responsible individuals within the company to carry through their fiducial duties to stockholders. Another lending factor was a deficiency of transparence between senior direction and the Company s Board of Directors. There was a complete dislocation of corporate administration.The cheques and balances intended to forestall error and abnormalities failed to run. The cheques did nt balance and the balances did nt fit.The existent fraud which took topographic point in WorldCom consisted of a figure of topside accommodations to accounting entries to shore up up worsening net incomes. Largely these comprised of improper drawdowns of militias salt away from its acquisition plan and other beginnings and improper capitalisation of costs which should hold been expensed for.While WorldCom has non completed the restatement of its financials, the company magnify its income by about $ 11 one million million million, overstated its balance planer by about $ 75 billion and, as a consequence, caused losingss in the stockholder value of every bit much as $ 250 billion, a important sum of which affected the employee retirement financess.During the 1990s, favourable market positions of WorldCom was sustained by a series of acquisitions. The company was in an almost-constant acquisition during this period. This generated neat force per unit area to maintain the stock monetary values high in order to fuel the acquisition fling and to supply compensable cash-outs for executive stock options. To make this, the company had to run into Wall highroad s net incomes outlooks, but when, in 2000, a proposed amalgamation with Sprint was disapproved by the authorities and the telecommunications roar came to an terminal, WorldCom net incomes began to steal. Management foremost sought to use its aggressive accounting techniques to better its gnawing fiscal imag e. But when these were exhausted, the direction resorted to false entries to ferment forth what could portray as echt net incomes and enable them to do the Numberss and sustain the image of a company go oning to run into Wall Street s net incomes marks. As a consequence, during the last 13 quarters prior to bankruptcy, the Company systematically reported that it met those marks, but the fact was it missed them in 11 out of 13 of those quarters and, in the last four quarters, really should hold reported losingss.The balloon eventually collapsed in 2002 when internal hearers eventually fingered significant impropernesss and the top functionaries were fired or resigned, net incomes were restated, SEC and condemnable probes had been initiated which resulted in bankruptcy. The company s attack to trades was wholly adhoc and with small substantive or consistent strategic planning. The board used to O.K. billion dollar trades with no treatment or really less treatments. WorldCom directio n or the Board of Directors neer even bothered to supervise the Company s debt degree and its ability to fulfill its outstanding duties. WorldCom s issue of more than $ 25 billion in debt securities in the four old ages predating its bankruptcy was clearly facilitated by its immense accounting fraud which allowed it to falsely stand for itself as creditworthy. The Board once more passively used to acquire the proposals approved through consentaneous consent declarations which were adopted with really small or no treatment. The compensation commission of the Board agreed to supply tremendous loans and a separate guarantee for Mr. Ebbers ( manager ) without ab initio informing the full Board or taking appropriate stairss to protect the Company. The Board was besides considered at mistake for non raising any inquiries about the loans following, without meaningful consideration, the recommendations of the compensation commission.Another ground was the absence of internal controls as a c ause of this fiasco was the deficiency of transparence between senior direction and the Board of Directors at WorldCom. A civilization and internal procedures that discourage or forbid scrutiny and comprehensive inquiring are engendering evidences for deceitful misbehaviors. In conformity with the accounting abnormalities, these defects created the semblance that WorldCom was far more healthy and successful than it really was.The audit commission of the Board failed to invent a work program with the internal hearers and the outside comptrollers. The internal audit operation within the company was intentionally diverted off from scrutinizing duties and forced to concentrate upon increased efficiencies and cost film editing alternatively of internal policy framing. Furthermore, it was short-handed, underpaid and under-qualified for transporting out a responsible internal audit map.The company unsuitably styled some $ 20 billion deserving duties by its subordinates to itself as allege d royalties for what WorldCom designated as direction foresight that is, the subordinates were supposed to hold the advantage of WorldCom s direction foresight for which they would pay a fine-looking fee. These royalty sums were accounted in a manner that drastically reduced the nonexempt income of certain WorldCom subordinates for province revenue enhancement intents. However, these sums, while they were accrued, were neer really paid to WorldCom.Reasons for prostrationNon conformity to Serbanes-Oxley ActBoard lacked sufficient information to carry through its duties.WorldCom s civilization was non by and large supportive of a strong legal map which prevented advocate from run intoing their duties to their corporate clients.Improperly aggressive accounting schemes were proposed by direction.With its ain overambitious schemes and flawed accounting, WorldCom besides fell victim to a oversupply of telecommunications capacity.Cheap and plentiful funding allowed companies quickl y to construct transcontinental and transoceanic fibre ocular webs in the 1990 s. The extra capacity resulted in lower monetary values for WorldCom s services, which include phone service and the transmission system of Internet informations for immense companies.The filing for bankruptcy would alleviate WorldCom of approximately $ 2 billion of involvement payments in the coming following twelvemonth. Lower debt costs allowed WorldCom to vie on a stronger bridgehead with its challengers, affecting a likely price-cutting policy refering about the wider strength of the telecommunications industry.In April 2004, WorldCom emerged from bankruptcy and changed its name to MCI, which it acquired in 1998. Ironically, holding shed $ 36 billion in debt, WorldCom emerged from bankruptcy with a improved balance sheet than most of its rivals. It besides wound up with a corporate name respected for its radical attempts in telecom.ACorporate GOVERNANCE FAILURE AT ENRONOn December 2, 2001 Enron, the so 7th largest corporation in US had filed for bankruptcy. It resulted in one million millions of dollars being lost, 1000s of people losing their occupations, and a big sum of employee s retirement nest eggs had been wiped out. Billions of U.S. dollars had been concealed in the balance sheet of the company which had overstated its income by $ 600 million.The public presentation inducements created a clime where employees were required to bring forth net income at the disbursal of the company s declared criterions of moralss and strategic ends. Enron had all the constructions and mechanisms for working towards good corporate administration. In add-on, it had besides framed a policy for corporate societal duty and a sensible codification of behavior on security, human rights, societal investing and public battle. Yet the job occurred as no 1 followed the codification.Impact on the Company s FinanceDecreasing investor assurance ( negative )Retreat to simpleness & A easy to understan d theoretical accounts ( positive and negative ) . change magnitude call for corporate transparence ( positive ) .Review of hearer and adviser relationships ( positive and negative ) .Tax return to financial conservativism and patterns ( positive and negative )Name for increased ordinance and examination ( positive and negative ) .Political radioactive dust on all degrees ( negative ) .The Board was found to hold failed in its responsibilities in the undermentioned countriesFiduciary failureBad accountingInappropriate struggles of involvementExtensive un reveal off the books activitiesExcessive compensation to the managers deficiency of independencyThe job started off when the board of managers allowed the direction openly to go against the codification, peculiarly when it allowed the CFO to function in the particular purpose entities ( SPEs ) and besides the audit commission suspected false accounting patterns but still it made no effort to analyze the SPE minutess. So the hearers failed to forestall questionable accounting.Failure of Enron resulted as a consequence of a struggle of involvements that occurred the directors to move at the disbursal of the stockholders. Internal control steps besides failed to work.The action taken by Enron made a false visual aspect by misdirecting the market by demoing greater creditworthiness and fiscal stableness.Even after Enron s failure the market for barters and derived functions worked without any breaks and worked as expected. The market did what it was expected to make i.e. to utilize repute as a agency for supervising market participants.Hearers failed because of non keeping their unity and independency in their working. The hearers commission had to proactively map and supervise the determinations to guarantee that a realistic position is presented to the users of the fiscal statements of the company.Enron created partnerships with nominally independent companies, some of which were offshore. This was fundamentally done to befog debt film and allegedly to cover losingss at Enron s entity.Enron s board members were misinformed and mislead. The significant information about Enron s programs and activities were hidden from the board. The board had nevertheless failed in its supervision responsibilities.High hazard accounting policies were being followed. The company was found to be in non conformity of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.Enron s multi-billion dollar, off-the-books occupation was disclosed to the Enron Board members and received Board blessing as an expressed scheme to better Enron s fiscal statements. In fact, Enron s monolithic off the books activity could non hold taken topographic point without Board action to set up new particular purpose entities, issue preferred Enron portions, and pledge Enron stock as the collateral needed for the trades to travel frontward. In the terminal, the Board knowingly allowed Enron to travel at least $ 27 billion or about 50 per centum o f its assets off balance sheet.Enron s board failed in its fiducial responsibility to guarantee equal public revelation of its assets and liabilities. None of the board members objected to this corporate scheme.Enron provided its executives with infatuated munificent compensation. Stock options were distributed to all the executives in big Numberss. It was argued that the company used to make this in order to pull and retain the good executives.

Problem fogel graded

For maxima rule Remote should use option A b. For maximum rule Remote should use option 8 c. For maxima regret Remote should use option A d. For equal probability criterion rule Remote should use option A Chapter 16 political relation Regulation of Business 2. When there is a shortage in the industry or firm, it will definitely result in an under allocation of resources. beneath allocation can happen without any shortage. For example, if the market is in a monopolistic stage, there is no shortage. The buyers can buy everything they want at a set price.There are various situations where the market can fail due to under allocation of resources that are not caused by shortages. For instance, if the task of minting a construction was scheduled to finish at a certain date and there was not enough paint and painters, the manager did not allocate and did not matter the correct amount of paint needed and did not have enough painters. Thus, a shortage is not a necessary condition for unde r allocation of resources. 4. Price gouging seems to occur after natural disasters such as hurricane Strain, Rata, and Sandy.After a disaster, the community is trying to recover from the homes that they have lost and they are trying to place back on their feet. However, many individuals and companies are charging market prices or goods such as gas, bottled water and other necessary items at a higher price than the market. According to the FTC price gouging laws are not required, they are counterproductive. For instance, in 2005, after the hurricane Strain and Rata, it caused a shortage in gasoline and it could have possibly triggered an cogency emergency (National Center, 2007).If anti- gouging laws are enforced by legislation to lower gas prices than what the market dictates during a supply shortage, FTC said that wholesalers and retailers will run out of gasoline and consumers will be worse off (Stresses, Furthermore, anti-gouging laws end up punishing companies who 2001). Have excess and reserves in advance during a crisis. For instance in the Strain hurricane, one of the lessons learned was to reward companies who have excess of oil and gas at the time when it is greatly needed.

Own Philosophy on Education

My Philosophy on Education I pick out that writing my profess ism on education had me thinking tort quite some time. in that location has been a number of questions that emerged In my mind while pondering on coming up with my own philosophy. I asked myself why I want to teach, who I am going to teach and how I leave alone become a prospective educator to these students. Hence, I first defined what an education theory meaner to me and Imagined a teacher I had that I look up to. Consequently, I hope back tooth express my philosophy with the thoughts I have gathered.Personally, I consider the teaching calling as an honorable profession. It is through this profession that millions of learned men have become great professionals excelling on their own fields of expertise. With this, I can suppose that the teaching profession is a vital part of our system as it acts as the vehicle where one imparts knowledge to others. Furthermore, I see learning as acquiring knowledge or experien ce, This tell acquisition is not only limited within the four corners of the room besides is also go through right outside the school the environment.Students swear that these are beings with Innate knowledge. They are not empty vessels, but are bodies that have this natural knowledge. Realizing that they have this what I call natural knowledge, it is l, the upcoming educator, to come up with strategies and techniques that provide trigger in awakening this knowledge and provide castles to have this essential Into something bigger, better, more productive and essential for the learner. When I was still a student, particularly In the university, was more motivate to teachers that were very friendly and approachable In and outside class.Moreover, was motivated with a classroom environment where I could feel a friendly intention among my classmates and cooperation and participation were both highly practiced and valued. Thus, can say that I am motivated with having a friendly t eacher that creates a competitive environment cogitate on cooperative learning in class. With regards to learning, I do not impart students to have a full understanding of a certain lesson within a forty-minute or an hour class. I expect that they understand, but the absorption of such information should be reinforced by giving short tests and quizzes on the following days to come.Running a class is a difficult task. When I run my own class, I will make it sure that there is a friendly environment between me and my students. However, I will not let respect and the importance of discipline be compromised with the environment I will be creating. Inside the class, will let students be exposed in learning environments where they can easily embrace the ideas by providing them meaningful and real elite accusable. As an educator, I believe that I have the responsibleness In shaping the minds of the young, break outing their cognitive and psychosomatic skills, and making them Into expa nsible individuals of this country.My goal for my students Is to have them develop the love for learning. I strongly believe that when students love learning, they will learn to appreciate any(prenominal) lesson regardless to its TTY. For me to attain this goal, I will have them do activities that are connected and useful in their daily lives. I want to create a classroom environment where students have the equal prognosis to learn, be heard, and participate in any classroom undertaking. In a nutshell, as a future teacher, I am somebody who will see every potential Roth in students that they can be the best.I believe that every student has the responsibility over themselves that they can do their very best in surviving in the world. I see students as free beings however, they have to be responsible complete to stand on their decisions because in anything that they do, it is their choice that they have made and they should know the pros and cons of it. I firmly believe that every individual can learn and ones knowledge is developed through the educator and the environment rough him or her.

Midterm Intermediate Macroeconomics Essay

1. How argon presidential election outcomes related to the performance of the economy? Presidential elections and the economy have a very underweight relationship and they go together hand and hand. Usually when the economy is good and opinion of the presidency is positive, the short letterr or the party of the conk president wins the election. People tend the lean towards why change a good thing. A couple of theories exist in the relationship of the economy and presidents. The first one is that voters leave vote for whichever president they feel shares the same economic vales that they have. Usually the poor vote liberal or for bigger g everyplacenment be suit of clothes they think they lead provide more economic relief them and their families.The second opening is that the president currently in power exit attempt to pass policies that will allow their party to stay in power. So, presidents on their first term will tiller mo meshingary and pecuniary policies closing to the election year to stimulate the economy to s authority voters. Two instances of how the economy faeces sway the presidential election against an incumbent are Hoover and George H.W. Bush. Both presidents had economic downturns during their first term in office and were not reelected. Other factors play key roles in presidential elections, but none are bigger than economics.2. Discuss the difference between microeconomics and Macroeconomics.Microeconomics is the study of decision making undertaken by individuals (households) and by business firms. Micro looks at the decisions of individuals actions, like deciding to work overtime or not. Another example is a small business decision on how much to pass of advertising cost. Micro focuses on the issue and penury in an economy, and how businesses can maximize profits. Macroeconomics is the study of the behavior of the economy as a whole. Macro deals with commonwealthal items like the unemployment compute, government budget def icit, and notes supplied by the go forth. Macro deals with essences, such as the total output as in the economy.For example, Macro would explore how assoil exports could affect a nations ceiling. 3. Use the concepts of gross and net enthronement to distinguish between an economy that has a rising slope stock of heavy(p) and one that has a falling stock of capital. In 1933 net private home(prenominal) coronation was minus $6 billion. This means that in that particular year the economy produced no capital goods at all. Do you agree? Why or why not? Explain Though net investment can be positive, negative, or zero, it is quite impossible for gross investment to be little than zero. Gross investiture = Net Investment + DepreciationWe can rearrange this to sayNet Investment = Gross Investment DepreciationThe capital stock of an economy rises when net investment is positive, that is when gross investment exceeds depreciation. The capital stock falls when net investment is neg ative, that is when gross investment is less than depreciation. In 1933 net private domestic investment was minus $6 billion. This does not mean the country produced no capital goods what it means is that the production of capital goods was less than what was lost due to wear and tear, thus the net blow was an general loss in capital stock. Gross private investment in most cases cannot be negative, since you can decide not to invest in bare-ass factories, but how do you decide to make a negative investment on an economy wide scale. The only possible case I can think of, and many will disagree with this, is when China under Mao went for what is now called the bang-up Leap Forward. Farmers started melting their ploughs and other equipment to provide steel to the government, thus destroying the existing capital, without investing in the new one. Thus you are using your effort to destroy what is there negative gross investment.4. What are the study factors that have affected U.S. h ousehold consumption since the recession in 2001? Many major events have happened in the country and in the world since the year of 2001. The bell of oil has skyrocketed causing more Americans to spend money fueling their cars rather than buying goods and services. We have also encountered another recession in 2007 be agent of risky vocation/investment tactics on Wall Street that caused the housing market to crash. This put unemployment at an uncomparable high since the depression era, and destroyed faith in Americas economic system. Firms were reluctant to investment in the American public because they were afraid we would lose our jobs. Also, we have fought in two wars. One of the wars has been the longitudinal in American history. This dries up resources and ups government spending. The government has less money to investment its citizens and firms have less resources to produce products for consumers to buy.5. Briefly explain how the following would shift the IS function to the right. a.A change to lump-sum taxation (Specify whether emergence or decrease is infallible to shift IS sheer to the right.) Decreasing a lump sum tax will shift the IS curve to the right. Decreasing the lump sum tax will increase consumer income, which will cause aggregate demand to go up. b.A change to government spending (Specify whether increase or decrease is needed to shift IS curve to the right.) Increasing government spending will shift the IS curve to the right. Increasing government spending will cause aggregate demand to go up, and shift the IS curve to the right. 6. Explain curtly how a change to the following MS, MD, or P (ceteris paribus) would shift the LM function to the right. Include in your discussion whether the variable would have to increase or decrease to cause the rightward LM shift. Discuss which of these the FED exercises control over.a. MS.b. MD (money demand).c. P (price index).The LM curve deals with spare-time activity and income and is slopi ng upward. When the demand of money and supply of money equal each other the market is at equilibrium. The LM curve shifts when either the supply or demand of money changes. The FED has control over money supplied. a. MS. Increasing money supplied would cause the LM curve to shift to the right. Money supplied would drop interest rates and shift the IS curve to right. b. MD. An increase in money demand would cause the LM curve to shift to the right. Consumers are wanting to spend more which raises gross domestic product c. P. Price is the only one out of the three that a decrease is needed to shift the IS curve to the right. When prices go down wages go down and consumers have less to spend.7. By how much will GDP change if firms increase their investment by $8 billion and the MPC is .80? If the MPC is .67? MPC .80 = 40 billion. The MPC produces a multiplier of 5. (1/(1-.8))=5. 58=40 billion MPC .67 = 24 billion. The MPC produces a multiplier of 3.03030. (1/(1-.67))=3.0303. 3.03038= 24.2424 billion 8. Suppose that private sector spending is highly sensitive to a change in interest rate. Compare the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy in terms of rising and intemperate existent GDP. A reduction in the national interest rate will increase the GDP because investments will be in a higher demand. If the FED raises interest rates thusly investments will go down and lower GDP. If the Fed keeps interest rates low like they have the last couple of years in an attempt to stimulate the economy, GDP should go up.9. Assume that a divinatory economy with an MPC of .8 is experiencing ascetical recession. By how much would government spending have to increase to shift the aggregate demand curve rightward by $25 billion? How large a tax cut would be needed to achieve this same increase in aggregate demand? Why the difference? insure one possible combination of government spending increases and tax decreases that would accomplish this same goal. The MPC is the same as Question 7 so we know that it will give us a spending multiplier of 5.The tax cut multiplier is .8/(1-.8)=4. If we want to shift the aggregate demand curve by 25 billion, you would divide the 25 billion wanted by the multiplier of 5. 25/5= 5 billion. said(prenominal) formula goes to the tax cut but with a multiplier of 4. 25/4= 6.25. Either way you are trying to put money into consumers pockets so they will hopefully spend more. The difference is because of the MPC. barely .8 of the tax cut will be spend by consumers. They will save the other .2. A possible combo is an increase of 1 billion in government spending and a 5 billion dollar tax cut.10. What are governments fiscal policy options for ending severe demand-pull inflation? Use the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model to show the impact of these policies on the price level. Which of these fiscal policy options do you think might be esteemed by a person who wants to bear upon the size of government? A person who thi nks the public sector is too large. There are some(prenominal) things the government can do. They can reduce government spending or increase taxes both shipway will put money back into the governments pocket. Either way the key is putting money back into the governments pocket. The price level will fall when it is flexible downward. The overall goal of government policy is to provide stability and not have price levels raise behind not rapidly.Also, the do not want to reduce price levels. Democrats want to preserve the size of government. They favor more taxes and more government spending. GOP favors fewer taxes, reducing government spending, and reducing government power over the citizens. 11. Explain why relatively flat as opposite relatively steep labor demand curves are more consistent with the empirical observation that there are relatively minor changes in the real wage rate over the course of the business cycle. If the demand curve is flat then a reduction or an increment in labor demand does not alter the price (the wage is too much). On the other hand, if the demand curve is steep, then an equivalent change in demand has much bigger change in the wage rates.Empirical results suggest that wages are sticky, and the steep labor demand curve cannot explain this observation. 12. Is sustainable long-run equilibrium always reached when the AD and SAS curves intersect? Why or why not? No. The economy would be in a short-run equilibrium when the AD and SAS curves intersect, and not necessarily in long-run equilibrium. It would be in a sustainable long-run equilibrium if the economy finds itself operating on both the labor demand curve and the labor supply curve. This occurs when the labor demand and labor supply curves intersect, so there is no wedge to change. At this point the actual real wage equals the equilibrium real wage and Y = YN. At any other combination of W, P, and Y, the SAS curve will shift as expectations are adjusted.13. If the equilibrium real wage remains constant, what happens to the nominal wage when the actual inflation rate exceeds the anticipate inflation rate? Real Wage Rate = noun phrase Wage Rate Inflation. Taking expectations we can say that expected Real Wage Rate = Expected Nominal Wage Rate Expected Inflation This can be rewritten as expected Real Wage Rate + Expected Inflation = Expected Nominal Wage Rate. If the equilibrium real wage rate remains constant, while inflation exceeds expected inflation then the nominal wage rate has to rise. 14. In the steady state, the government benefits from inflation. Explain. The government benefits from inflation in two ways. First, it obtains an extra source of revenue, called seignorage or the inflation tax. The government can then lower everyday taxes or increase spending more than it could otherwise. Second, the government may gain if inflation raises the nominal interest rate by less than inflation itself.

Divided Thesis Essay

This course of instruction for discipline I feel some goals that I would like to accomplish. As I am coming along to be a senior I have mellow expectations for myself. My iii main goals for myself are to be on high honor roll, to be on varsity volleyball with a better attitude, and lastly be the first in my family in three generations to graduate from high school. Being on high honor roll for me would be really abundant because I have been on honor roll all my life but I have only been on high honor roll two or three times.With me only going to four classes it should not be to difficult to acquire a four point grade point average. I am cap fit of doing this but it is going to take work and in order for me to get some scholarships and fiscal aid for college I need those good grades. The second goal I would like to accomplish is compete varsity volleyball with a better attitude. I go to Jefferson High School and we do not have the best athletic programs so I get frustrated easi ly with how things are ran and how my school deals with problems.Having a better attitude about playing on a team with girls that I make do should be better than moping about loosing every game. After you loose three games you get down on yourself and it would make it a lot better for the team to stay positive. The last goal for my senior year is to graduate. If I graduate I will be the first one from my mom and dad to my great grandmother and grandfather to graduate high school.Yes I have had uncles graduate but I am the fourth generation and I need to graduate not only for my family but for me to go to college and bring forward my education and better my life. Since I am the first to graduate in so many geezerhood I have a lot of responsibilities to under go during this year. These are goals that I should be able to accomplish and they are going to be done for me and my family to better my future and provide me with good options in life.

The Debate of Proposition 8

Should sexual preference determine join ceremonys? This is the ongoing confer our generation impart realize to address. California has been in the epicenters of this debate as we witnessed voters defend dauntless trade union in the elections of 2008. The success of propose 8 discriminated against those of homosexual orientation. Proposition 8 ad unspoileded Californias wedding laws to prevent a change in language, chooseing the majority of heterosexual America. As Californias constitution in article 1, section 7. reads, Only marriage betwixt a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California (California union Protection Act). This perception of marriage adopted to be law is built upon gender identity ideals that men and women have to fulfill. Women are to follow that of the opposite gender and sex. Accordingly, the language utilise to describe marriage was contorted by gender ideals in the fight for Proposition 8. Those for Proposition 8 argued it would restore the exposition of marriage. From this perspective, marriage is seen as a usance that is natural and immutable.To the contrary, the argument against Proposition 8 states, OUR CALIFORNIA CONSTITUTIONthe law of our landSHOULD GUARANTEE THE uniform FREEDOMS AND RIGHTS TO EVERYONENO ONE stem SHOULD be singled out to BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY (Official California legislative Information). wedlock is a right that cannot be exercised by all due to sexual preference. courageous and lesbians are discriminated based on societies resistance to amend the definition of marriage past sexual preference. Additionally, the language apply to describe marriage and the roles of individuals, is a major outlining factor behind the issue it egotism.Analyzing the language used in both arguments allows us to delve further into this question and expose wherefore Proposition 8 should have been abolished. Proposition 8 is simply a resistance to change in language in how we sustain to define marriage. Typical ly, language changes as a result of social political and economic processes such as lifestyle changes, new experiences, counters with technologies and communication media, colonization, or migration (Litosseliti 19). Although political action may try to slow drink this historical ongoing change in language, just as the world changes, so will the language.Marriage will eventually cease to be defined by the standards of sexual preference. In such, the argument against Proposition 8 holds more validity than those in favor of it. Those opposed to Proposition 8 rely on Californias constitution promise for equal rights and freedom to every person, human creations included. This allowed those opposed to use mightily words associated with civil rights such as, equality, dignity, freedom, and respect. These are portray to the audience from a laughable language bestow more of feminine like characteristics of dole out, nurture, and support.This gay language serves a purpose in relayin g the message to oppose Proposition 8. As scholar Don Kulick believes, homosexual slang serves communicative functions, the most important of which is to strengthen group cohesiveness and reflect common interests, problems, and removes of the population (Sonenschein 1969289) (Kulick 250). They used the gay slang as to draw attention from all gay and lesbians to feel connected. They refer to themselves as the gay community. This self maintained identity allows them to reach out to all gays and lesbians.For instance, there is a great example in YouTube, where the protest against Proposition 8 continues. In their advertisement they are promoting the Eve of Justice March for gay rights. In the video words displayed are if you believe followed by the alternating words such as life, happiness, kindness, beauty, compassion, and love. These words of sentiment and support are a prime example of the gay language induce activism throughout the gay community. In constructing particular subje ct positions for the readers or viewers, advertisements play a role in constituting identities (Litosseliti 108).The gay language so to speak allows them to create a desired identity for the gay community, which allows them to phone themselves within their civil rights movement. Additionally, the gay community has maintained a similar identity to heterosexual relationships on what role individuals play in a marriage. They believe in the similar manner as to what is pass judgment out of a relationship. For instance in the official voters guide an example of daily interaction between spouses is descript as if to show they are not much different than a heterosexual marriage.The guide postulates, When youre married and your spouse is sick or hurt, there is no confusion you get into the ambulance or infirmary room with no questions asked. IN EVERYDAY LIFE, AND ESPECIALLY IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIPS ARE just now NOT ENOUGH (Official California Legislative Information ). The gay community displays the similarity of marriage interaction in daily life is the same as any other marriage would be. Marriage roles are portrayed to be similar, and the situation presented above uses words such as, hurt and sick.This invokes the audience to relate to the situation presented of care and nurture for ones spouse. Although, there are some differences in the expected roles in a marriage, for only a single gender identity is shared between the spouses. For instance, in the role of a hymeneals usually both partners wear the traditional clothing used for their sex. Lesbians dress in wedding dress attire as the gay men wear the traditional suit. This infers that in a gay marriage their roles are different than that of traditional couples.It objectifies the image of two masculine or feminine figures in a relationship, demonstrating marriage is about love, and not fulfilling ordaind gender roles. The symbolic meaning of commitment is alike displayed through the e xchange of wedding bands. The gay communitys ideals on marriage are center more around love than sexuality. Gays use this traditional wedding practice as a flair to explicate the language of love, and equality in marriage. To the contrary, those in favor of Proposition 8 argue the need to restore the definition of marriage for the sake of protecting the children.They argue that marriage itself is traditional and the meaning unavoidably to be reallocated for sexual preference. The argument is made that domestic partnerships give all the same rights as a marriage just the title is different. Further, the language used to describe gay marriage is severely negative. Gay marriages are described as same-sex marriages for the sole purpose of pointing out the sexuality of the marriage. We can distinguish this in the arguments presented that our children are to be protected from.The voters guide reads It protects our children from being taught in public schools that same-sex marriage is t he same as traditional marriage (Official California Legislative Information). The argument uses strong words such as protect and traditional as if gay marriage were a threat to our society. Those in favor of Proposition 8 question why they should have to deal with gay marriages when raising children. As I recall there was an advertisement on television during election warning people about social issues our children will have to deal with. The commercial demonstrated a hilds confusion as to why she had 2 daddies, yet mommies were the ones who made the babies. The childs confusion of marriage sexual identities promotes gay marriage as a social issue in raising kids. Those in favor of Proposition 8 claim that gays are putting their adult desires first before the children. Derogatory terms are used in protests against those who oppose Proposition 8. In rallies across California supporting Proposition 8, such as the one on the left, implement the feeling of hate. The term fag implies a negative connotation upon the being homosexual.Additionally, the word depraved implies that the gay lifestyle is a social burden to America. Those who support the banning of gay marriage perceive this as a social problem of a minority group hard to change social culture. Gays should live private lives and not bring their lifestyle to the public arena and crowd society to change. Moreover, the argument against Proposition 8 holds a much stronger stand against those who support it. First, we must take in that language in society will always change and adapt to the needs of society.Marriage just as many other words will be redefined as society expands out of the two traditional gender roles. The gay community needs to be included as the law has to prescribe to everyone equally. As we see in the protest rallies, the movements association with civil rights of the blacks helps their argument gain solidarity. A customary slogan across protests was Gay is the new Black. I experienced p rotestors in Fresno, CA scream this to supporters of Proposition 8. The correlation of the blacks civil rights display their desires and emphasize discrimination.In addition, supporters claim children will be involved as to sexuality preferences, yet sexuality preferences dont usually profess themselves until puberty. In this adolescence the children will be able to cognate their own sexual preference. Those in support are simply try to prevent gays from their prescribed rights. When have we ever heard of a vocabulary word that needed its definition restored? Marriage is defined differently by many societies and who are we to say that a minority group should be exempt from it.As the gay language further manifests itself with civil rights language, it will draw increase support from the gay community as well as civil rights activists. Works Cited California Marriage Protection Act, 7. 5. Kulick, Don. Gay and Lesbian Language. Annual Review of Anthropology 29 (2000) 243-85. Litos seliti, Lia. Gender and Language Theory and Practice. pertly York A Hodder Arnold Publication, 2006. Official California Legislative Information. 04 Nov. 2008. California Legislation. 05 Mar. 2009 .

Restaurant Business Plan Essay

Entrepreneurs who start new restaurants may over approximate the coat of the market in their area and not take into account the tough competition they will hardihood from established restaurants with loyal clientele. Doing a feasibility study prior to investing the time and money to founder a restaurant push aside help an entrepreneur make a more informed finding about the ventures chances of mastery.Starting or numerationning a restaurant? These practical tools can help.www.virtualrestaurant.comObtain Market StatisticsStudying demographic characteristics such as age and income will help you estimate the size of your potential market. If you are planning a mid-price, family-style restaurant for example, you need to know how m both families domicile in your area. A heavy population of singles or college students will probably not go your restaurant. The U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau website is a just place to begin your research.Evaluate capability LocationsA h igh-traffic location is preferable, one close to major streets with lotsof visibility to vehicle or baby-walker traffic. Make sure parking is ample and easy for customers to access. tone of voice for businesses in the area that could create motivation for your restaurant large office complexes, hotels or retail centers for example. Be sure to consider the tradeoff mingled with a locations suitability and the conduct cost. Saddling a new restaurant with a lease payment that is too high can make it extremely difficult for the venture to reach domineering cash flow.Related Reading Business Plan Vs. Feasibility StudyReview the CompetitionLook not only at the total number of restaurants in your immediate area but similarly at the styles of restaurants that are prevalent. Consider whether your area is already saturated with restaurants similar to the concept you will be offering similar cuisine, price point and target markets. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each major co mpetitor and study whether your proposed restaurant will stand apart from competitors and be memorable to customers.Study the IndustryJoin your farming or local restaurant and hospitality organizations. Attend their meetings, talk with other restaurant owners and review any statistical information they publish about the growth and health of the industry. The National Restaurant Association alike publishes studies and statistics about industry trends and growth. Decide whether given the current economic environment it is advisable to launch a new restaurant. Find out if any restaurants in the area have closed in the determination two years and why.Look at Your Cost StructureOnce you have a good idea what type of food for thought you want to offer, break down the cost of each menu item. find out who your major suppliers will be and ask them for pricing. Software programs are available to help you accurately gauge projected food cost. You may consider reducing the number of item s on your menu to keep food cost down. You may also find that given the food cost projections, the prices you will have to send off are higher than yourlocal market will support.Evaluate Management CapabilityAn entrepreneur contemplating crack a restaurant should take a hard look at whether he has the skill discipline and experience to make the venture a success. He should ask himself whether he has the eye for detail to swan high customer satisfaction. He needs to be able to train and motivate staff members who may have limited experience or education. He needs to understand how to make the kitchen operation run smoothly. He may determine that it is not feasible for him to be the general manager of the restaurants operations and elect to hire a manager who already has a track record of success in the industry.